Month: May 2023

The Indicators of Health provide a measure for the health status of a Individual, Group, Community or a Country and to compare it with other similar parameters which help us to understand the good and the poorly assessed areas and to allocate more resources to the ill health and also to monitor and re-evaluate whether the ill are progressing towards a healthy status and to understand what all measures need to be done. In other words we understand the objectives and targets of a particular programme being implemented towards the attainment of better health goals.

https://www.elmid.ca/

https://autopril.com

https://autotrusta.com/

https://earthpixz.com

https://isportsfab.com

https://justinstago.com

https://motoworld.biz

https://newtravelplans.com

https://topmotoric.com

https://toptravelgram.com

https://travelstrokes.com

https://www.likmes.com/

https://fixeradvice.com/

https://www.hygiene-nuisibles.fr/

https://investingold.blob.core.windows.net/isagoldirasafe/how-safe-is-a-gold-ira.html

https://zincbet168.com/

https://www.themysts.com.sg/

https://www.humanfirst.company/

https://www.the-lakegardenresidences.sg/

https://musbizu.com.ng/

https://www.aspired.io/

https://primersmart.com/https://solrentacar.com/en

Indicators are defined as Variables by the World Health Organisation which have a Negative range and a Positive range in probable observations. This gives an idea about how the progress of a particular programme will go and when these indicators are measured periodically and sequentially over time, they can indicate direction and speed of change and can help to compare the health indications of different groups of people, communities or countries.

Characteristics of Indicators :

The Indicators which should be used in an evaluation, should have the following characteristics so that it can be used in a campaign or a survey.

1. An Indicator should be valid  and should be able to do the purpose of what it is intended to do

2. An Indicator should be Reliable and Objective. This means that when different people carry out research on a similar experiment they should, more or less arrive at a similar inference using the same indicators.

3. An Indicator should be Sensitive and should respond in variation to the situation concerned.

4. An Indicator should be Specific and should respond only to the variation of the specific situation in concern.

5. An Indicator should be feasible as it should have the functions attached to it which enable data collection concerned to it.

6. An Indicator should be relevant which means that it should be able to aid in understanding the concept in concern. It should either support the Hypothesis or discard the Hypothesis in concern.

Health is a Multi-Dimensional entity and each entity is a complex phenomenon in itself because the each entity is affected by numerous factors of which Some are Known while many are still Unknown.

Thus Health is subjected to  the following Factors :

01. Mortality Indicators

02. Morbidity Indicators

03. Disability Rates

04. Nutritional Status Indicators

05. Health Care Delivery Indicators

06. Utilization Rates

07. Indicators of Social and Metal Health

08. Environmental Indicators

09, Socio-Economic Indicators

10. Health Policy Indicators

11. Indicators of Quality of Life

12. Other Indicators

Mortality Indicators and Morbidity Indicators

A. Mortality Indicators

The indicators indicating mortality in a community are :

1. Crude Death Rate

2. Expectation of life

3. Infant Mortality Rate

4. Child Moratality Rate

5. Under-5 Proportional Mortality Rate

6. Maternal (Puerperal) Mortality Rate

7. Disease specific Mortality

8. Proportional Mortality Rate

1. Crude Death Rate:

It is defined as the number of deaths per 1000 population per year in a given community. Here a decrease in death rate indicates better health conditions in the community indicating an overall increase in the health status of the given population, which is in fact a goal of medicine.

2. Expectation of Life:

Life expectancy means the number of years a human being may live, if the age specific and sex specific mortality rates of a population are known. Life expectancy is calculated at birth, at the age of 1 which excludes infant mortality and at the age of 5 which excludes child mortality. Here also, an increase in average life expectancy is considered as an improvement in health status.

3. Infant mortality rate:

It is defined as the ratio of number of deaths under 1 year of age to the total number of live births in the same year, usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births. This measure is able to infer upon the health status of the infants, also deductively of the whole population and the socio-economic conditions under which the infants and also the whole population lives.

4. Child mortality rate:

It is defined as the ratio of number of deaths of children 1 to 4 years of age per 1000 children in the respective age group at the mid-point of the year concerned for a particular area or community. This ratio indicates the overall health status of the early childhood in a given community and excludes infant mortality.

5. Under 5 proportionate mortality rate:

When both infant mortality and early childhood mortality need to be considered, then these statistics are used where total number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1000 population is considered. This statistical data helps in inferencing upon high birth rates, high child mortality rates and shorter life expectancy.

6. Maternal (puerperal) mortality rate:

The levels of maternal mortality differ from country to country according to its socio-economic conditions and status representing the proportion of deaths of women in reproductive age which is generally higher in the under developed and developing countries. This data has not gained much importance in terms of statistical analysis and inference.

7. Disease-specific mortality:

This statistical analysis can be computed for mortality on account of specific diseases. As communicable diseases are being extricated, other diseases like Cancers, Cardio-vascular diseases, diabetes have emerged as specific disease problems.

8. Proportional  mortality rate:

This statistical analysis takes in account the proportion of all deaths from every abouve mentioned analysis attributed to it.

B. Morbidity Indicators

These indicators indicate the burden of diseases and illhealth in a community but have there own limitations as they represent only the clinical cases and are represented as iceberg theory.

The assessing points for illhealth and diseases in a community are :

1. Incidence and Prevalence

2. Notification rates

3. Attendance rates at health services

4. Admission, Re-admission and discharge rates

5. Duration of stay in hospital

6. Spells of sickness or absence from work or school.

C. Disability Rates

These fall into two categories which are namely :

a. Event type indicators:

i. Number od days of restricted activity

ii. Bed disability days

iii. Work loss days

b.  Person type indicators:

i. Limitation of mobility

America spent 17.3% of its gross domestic product on health care in 2009 (1). If you break that down on an individual level, we spend $7,129 per person each year on health care…more than any other country in the world (2). With 17 cents of every dollar Americans spent keeping our country healthy, it’s no wonder the government is determined to reform the system. Despite the overwhelming attention health care is getting in the media, we know very little about where that money comes from or how it makes its way into the system (and rightfully so…the way we pay for health care is insanely complex, to say the least). This convoluted system is the unfortunate result of a series of programs that attempt to control spending layered on top of one another. What follows is a systematic attempt to peel away those layers, helping you become an informed health care consumer and an incontrovertible debater when discussing “Health Care Reform.”

https://punetrainings.com/

https://toru-oki.net/

Who’s paying the bill?

The “bill payers” fall into three distinct buckets: individuals paying out-of-pocket, private insurance companies, and the government. We can look at these payors in two different ways: 1) How much do they pay and 2) How many people do they pay for?

The majority of individuals in America are insured by private insurance companies via their employers, followed second by the government. These two sources of payment combined account for close to 80% of the funding for health care. The “Out-of-Pocket” payers fall into the uninsured as they have chosen to carry the risk of medical expense independently. When we look at the amount of money each of these groups spends on health care annually, the pie shifts dramatically.

The government currently pays for 46% of national health care expenditures. Ho

INTRODUCTON – The term “health insurance” is commonly used in the United States to describe any program that helps pay for medical expenses, whether through privately purchased insurance, social insurance or a non-insurance social welfare program funded by the government. Synonyms for this usage include “health coverage,” “health care coverage” and “health benefits” and “medical insurance.” In a more technical sense, the term is used to describe any form of insurance that provides protection against injury or illness.

Contrôle des rongeurs

Dépigeonnage

Dératisation

Désinsectisation

Destruction des nids de guêpes

Élimination des insectes

Éloignement des frelons

Éradication des souris

Experts en hygiène et nuisibles

Extermination des cafards

Extermination des nuisibles

Intervention d’urgence contre les parasites

Lutte contre les parasites

Nettoyage après infestation

Professionnels de la lutte antiparasitaire

Services de gestion des nuisibles

Solutions durables contre les nuisibles

Traitement contre les nuisibles

Traitement contre les punaises de lit

Traitement préventif contre les nuisibles

https://www.hygiene-nuisibles.fr/

In America, the health insurance industry has changed rapidly during the last few decades. In the 1970’s most people who had health insurance had indemnity insurance. Indemnity insurance is often called fee-forservice. It is the traditional health insurance in which the medical provider (usually a doctor or hospital) is paid a fee for each service provided to the patient covered under the policy. An important category associated with the indemnity plans is that of consumer driven health care (CDHC). Consumer-directed health plans allow individuals and families to have greater control over their health care, including when and how they access care, what types of care they receive and how much they spend on health care services.

These plans are however associated with higher deductibles that the insured have to pay from their pocket before they can claim insurance money. Consumer driven health care plans include Health Reimbursement Plans (HRAs), Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs), high deductible health plans (HDHps), Archer Medical Savings Accounts (MSAs) and Health Savings Accounts (HSAs). Of these, the Health Savings Accounts are the most recent and they have witnessed rapid growth during the last decade.

WHAT IS A HEALTH SAVINGS ACCOUNT?

A Health Savings Account (HSA) is a tax-advantaged medical savings account available to taxpayers in the United States. The funds contributed to the account are not subject to federal income tax at the time of deposit. These may be used to pay for qualified medical expenses at any time without federal tax liability.

I believe Americans need a new way of thinking about health. Look where our current perspectives on the subject have gotten us – we are last among the world’s 17 most industrialized nations in all the key indicators of health. It’s hard to believe but true: we’re last in life expectancy; we have the highest rates of obesity, infant mortality, low birth weights, heart disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease, homicide rates, teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.

https://healthsurgeon.com/purium/purium-code-coupon/

The lead author of the Institute of Medicine, NIH sponsored study that revealed this situation remarked that “Americans get sicker, die sooner and sustain more injuries than people in all other high-income countries.” (That’s a quote from the report.) Then he added this coup de grace: “We were stunned by the propensity of findings all on the negative side – the scope of the disadvantage covers all ages, from babies to seniors, both sexes, all classes of society. If we fail to act, life spans will continue to shorten and children will face greater rates of illness than those in other nations.”

Two Ways to Think of Health

I believe Americans are overly passive about their health. Good health can only be attained and maintained by conscious deeds. These deeds require planning and disciple. Examples include exercising regularly and vigorously, dining in ways that nourish the body without causing problems and otherwise behaving in positive, active ways.

The level of health you will enjoy is clearly affected by your lifestyle choices. Your health status depends to a great extent on whether you invest in your well being or not. If you make little or no such investments, your health will depend on chance, genetics, the aging process and the timeliness of the quality of medical care you receive.

countries within a single united society spanning 800 hectares, Dubai International City exemplifies the concept of unity within diversity. The residential districts of the nine countries, which include Persia, England, Spain, Italy, Morocco, Russia, Greece, France and China, offer an exotic yet affordable living experience to its residents.

https://www.likmes.com/

https://mega88jp.com/

https://cars-scanner.net/en

https://investingold.blob.core.windows.net/isagoldirasafe/how-safe-is-a-gold-ira.html

https://www.elmid.ca/

https://sosugary.com/

https://www.tiendasoccer.com/

https://investingold.blob.core.windows.net/isagoldirasafe/how-safe-is-a-gold-ira.html

The Dubai International City property development is conveniently located on the Emirates Road in the Al Warsan region of Dubai and is only a short distance away from Dubai International Financial Center – DIFC, Dubai International Airport and Dubai Festival City. In addition to the extensive entertainment venues, commercial opportunities, retail outlets and exciting tourist attractions, it also features one and two bedroom apartment units that are capable of accommodating more than 60,000 residents.

Dubai International City comprises of six key areas including The Lakes District, The Residential District, The Central District, The Forbidden City, The Dragon Mart and Dubai Design Centre.

Lakes District & Public Park (The Lakeside)

Surrounding the serene Al Warsan Lake, the Lakes District is a 100 hectare natural ecosystem that comprises a total of 1375 two-three bedroom duplex apartments contained within 25 buildings. The Lakes District is home to about 200 species of birds among which are some of the rarest and most exotic birds found in Asia.

The Residential District

Spread out across 300 hectares, the Residential District is divided into large and medium-sized country specific and themed residential developments and retail outlets. With restaurants, commercial outlets, medical centers, transportation services and a police station and post office of its own, the Residential District is pretty much self-sufficient within itself.

The Central District